Camera shutter effects

The rolling shutter effect explained

Image courtesy: gui577b

In a nutshell

Rolling shutter is a distortion of the image resulting from the shutter operation of certain cameras
Some cameras, such as those with CMOS sensors, do not capture the entire frame of their image in a single moment
The rolling shutter effect can occur in any camera lacking a global shutter

The rolling shutter is both a common and complex visual effect. Most people don’t even realize what it is or why it happens. But if you’ve ever shot distorted or wavy footage on your phone or video camera, then it’s safe to say you, too, have come across the phenomenon. To some video shooters, it can be a pain, but for some, it is a way to add some pretty cool special effects to their footage.

The rolling shutter: a closer look

The rolling shutter is a type of camera shutter. A shutter is a device that controls the amount of light that enters the camera. In the case of rolling shutters, it doesn’t expose the entire sensor to the light all at once. Different parts of the sensor are exposed at different points in time.

That means, with many digital phones and cameras, the process of capturing an image or footage isn’t concurrent across the entire field of view. Instead, the sensor scans the image — either from top to bottom or from side to side. This is known as a rolling shutter.

Rolling shutters can be found in many video cameras, ranging from DSLRs to smartphones. Typically, they’re found in CMOS sensors.

About the rolling shutter effect

The effect is a mode of wavy distortion that happens when using a camera with a rolling shutter. It mostly occurs when the motion of a subject is moving too fast for the camera’s sensor to capture properly.

Say you take out your camera while on a bush plane and film its propellers. The blades will end up looking warped and then eventually bend back into their original shape as they rotate. This is the rolling shutter effect at work. The effect can happen any time you’re filming something fast.

The effect can also occur when the subject is still but the camera is in rapid motion. If you’re in a moving car and snap a shot of someone walking along the street, you will likely see some warping in the image.

Why does rolling shutter happen?

The effect tends to arise in smartphones and cameras that lack what is known as a total shutter or global shutter. When a camera has a global shutter, its shutter exposes the entire sensor all at once. A global shutter sidesteps the rolling shutter distortion effect because it captures the full visual or image at once.

That’s far from the case with cameras containing rolling shutters. These cameras contain active-pixel sensors (CMOS) that normally engage rolling shutters in order to capture images. Cameras with rolling shutters don’t expose the camera’s sensor all at once. Instead, the cameras have a “rolling” quality to their exposures. This occurs at the maximum frame rate of the specific sensor. For example, if the sensor operates at 30 Hz or 30 fps, rolling shutter occurs over 1/30 of a second.

When is it most noticeable?

CMOS sensors that use the rolling shutter process are more inclined to send the image at a quicker rate. This also empties the sensor for the next shot. Sensors need to take 24, 30 or 60 frames a second. This is why almost all iPhone, DSLR and smartphone sensors use rolling shutters. This is also when the effect of a rolling shutter will be most noticeable, especially when recording or photographing fast-moving objects.

When the shutter rolls for about 1/30 of a second, movement is barely noticeable. However, the effect becomes more noticeable when the object is moving quite fast, like helicopter blades or a rotating car wheel. The effect also becomes more noticeable under certain lighting conditions. Many indoor lights don’t illuminate continuously. In fact, most household lights running on electric power will appear to go on and off when recorded because the power frequency is not uniform. Electric power in an average home is an alternating current, running at 60 Hz in the United States and usually 50 Hz in other places. This can also show up in rolling shutters as patterns of light and dark across your footage or image.

Rolling shutter vs. global shutter

The difference between a rolling shutter and a global shutter is rolling shutters use CMOS sensors, and global shutters use CCD sensors. There are several reasons why camera manufacturers choose one sensor over the other, such as processing speed, cost, power, etc. , but CMOS sensors using the rolling shutter system deliver faster images. Total shutter avoids the rolling shutter distortion effect by capturing the entire image at once. However, global shutter cameras using CCD technology have become outdated in today’s market. Almost all global shutter sensors on the market now use CMOS sensors for high-end broadcasting technology. That doesn’t make them any less expensive than cameras using rolling shutter tech. In fact, one of the biggest differences between the two is cost.

If your camera has rolling shutter control, its benefits lie within its wide dynamic range that reduces the chance of a blowout between the sun and the edge of buildings. Also, unlike global shutter, rolling shutter creates some surreal and graphic effects that can be shared online for fun or content creation videos.

A global shutter captures all pixels within the frame of the lens at the exact same moment. The sensor in the camera is exposed to light in one single point of time. Unlike rolling shutters, there is no spatial or temporal aliasing, no blurring and no rolling or scanning. The sensor captures the whole image in one moment of time.

The accuracy of footage and images generated with CCD sensors and global shutters combine to give the global shutter an advantage over rolling shutters. That advantage is the reason global shutters are used in high-end filming and photography, such as shooting movies or sporting events and even short-form videos. Even traffic cameras utilize global shutters to capture license plates on vehicles speeding or running red lights.

Outside of the different functions rolling shutter and global shutter may be used for, their greatest difference lies in the business and consumer price tag. Global shutter cameras are more expensive.

See for yourself

While the rolling shutter effect can be an unattractive and unwanted anomaly for some, it can also be an inexpensive special effects tool for others. Check out some really awesome tricks used to create the rolling shutter effect by going on YouTube. Once you see the rolling shutter effect in action, you will get a general idea of how can be applied creatively. The key is getting to know your equipment and becoming a master over the images and footage you create.

Featured image courtesy: gui577b on YouTube

Understanding Shutter Speed for Beginners

An image of a bird captured using fast shutter speed

One of the three most important settings in photography is Shutter Speed, the other two being Aperture and ISO. Shutter speed is responsible for two particular things: changing the brightness of your photo and creating dramatic effects by either freezing action or blurring motion. In the following article, we will explain everything you need to know about it in very simple language.

Shutter speed exists because of the camera shutter – which is a curtain in front of the camera sensor that stays closed until the camera fires. When the camera fires, the shutter opens and fully exposes the camera sensor to the light that has passed through your lens. After the sensor is done collecting the light, the shutter closes immediately, stopping the light from hitting the sensor. The button that fires the camera is also called “shutter” or “shutter button,” because it triggers the shutter to open and close.

Table of Contents

What is Shutter Speed?

Shutter speed is the length of time the camera shutter is open, exposing light onto the camera sensor. Essentially, it’s how long your camera spends taking a photo. This has a few important effects on how your images will appear.

When you use a long shutter speed (also known as a “slow” shutter speed), you end up exposing your sensor for a significant period of time. The first big effect of it is motion blur. If your shutter speed is long, moving subjects in your photo will appear blurred along the direction of motion. This effect is used quite often in advertisements of cars and motorbikes, where a sense of speed and motion is communicated to the viewer by intentionally blurring the moving wheels.

Motion blur.

Slow shutter speeds are also used to photograph the Milky Way or other objects at night, or in dim environments with a tripod. Landscape photographers may intentionally use long shutter speeds to create a sense of motion on rivers and waterfalls while keeping everything else completely sharp.

Shutter speed: 5 seconds (a long shutter speed).

On the other hand, shutter speed can also be used to do just the opposite – freeze motion. If you use an especially fast shutter speed, you can eliminate motion even from fast-moving objects, like birds in flight, or cars driving past. If you use a fast shutter speed while taking pictures of water, each droplet will hang in the air completely sharp, which might not even be visible to our own eyes.

Shutter speed: 1/1600th second (a fast shutter speed)

All of the above is achieved by simply controlling the shutter speed. In summary, quick shutter speeds freeze action, while long ones create an effect of motion when you photograph moving objects.

How Shutter Speed is Measured

Shutter speeds are typically measured in fractions of a second when they are under a second. For example, 1/4 means a quarter of a second, while 1/250 means one-two-hundred-and-fiftieth of a second (or four milliseconds).

Most modern DSLRs and mirrorless cameras can handle shutter speeds of 1/4000th of a second at the fastest, while some can handle even quicker speeds of 1/8000th of a second and faster. On the other hand, the longest available shutter speed on most DSLRs or mirrorless cameras is typically 30 seconds. You can use a longer shutter speed by using external remote triggers, if necessary.

Shutter Speed and Exposure

The other important effect of shutter speed is on exposure, which relates to the brightness of an image. If you use a long shutter speed, your camera sensor gathers a lot of light, and the resulting photo will be quite bright. By using a quick shutter speed, your camera sensor is only exposed to a small fraction of light, resulting in a darker photo.

However, shutter speed is not the only variable that affects the brightness of an image. There are also aperture and ISO, along with the actual brightness of the scene in front of you. So, you have some flexibility when you’re deciding on a shutter speed, but you need to pick your other settings carefully.

Shutter speed can be a vital tool to capture a photo of the proper brightness. On a sunny day, you may need to use a fast shutter speed so that your photo isn’t overexposed. Or, if it is dark out, a long shutter speed may be necessary to avoid a photo that is too dark (which, in turn, could require a tripod, due to motion blur from handholding the camera). For many people, this is the main reason to adjust shutter speed: to make sure your photos are the proper brightness. Still, motion blur concerns are also very important, and should not be overlooked.

Fast, Slow and Long Shutter Speeds

A fast shutter speed is typically whatever it takes to freeze action. If you are photographing birds, that may be 1/1000th second or faster. However, for general photography of slower-moving subjects, you might be able to take pictures at 1/200th second, 1/100th second, or even longer without introducing motion blur.

Long shutter speeds are typically above 1 second – at which point, you will need to use a tripod to get sharp images. You would use long shutter speeds for certain types of low-light / night photography, or to capture movement intentionally. If anything in your scene is moving when you use long shutter speeds, it will appear very blurry.

In between, shutter speeds from 1/100th second to 1 second are still considered relatively slow. You may not be able to handle them without introducing camera shake from your hands, especially close to the one-second mark.

This photo is blurry because I used a relatively slow shutter speed of 1/30 second.

Also, this strongly depends upon your lens. Some lenses, such as the Nikon 70-200mm f/2. 8, have specific image stabilization (also known as “vibration reduction”) technologies within the lens that can help photographers take pictures at very slow shutter speeds when hand-holding cameras, without introducing camera shake. Other lenses do not have vibration reduction, which means you need to use the reciprocal rule instead to determine how long your shutter speed should be without introducing blur from camera shake. It is also important that you know how to hold a camera.

How to Set Shutter Speed

Most cameras handle shutter speeds automatically by default. When the camera is set to “Auto” mode, the shutter speed is selected by the camera without your input (and so are aperture and ISO). However, you can still set the shutter speed manually if necessary:

By setting the camera to “Shutter Priority” mode, you choose the shutter speed, and the camera automatically selects the aperture.
By setting the camera to “Manual” mode, you choose both shutter speed and aperture manually.

Within both of these modes, you can choose to set ISO manually or automatically.

In most cases, we recommend letting the camera select the correct shutter speed for you. Still, watch to be certain that you aren’t introducing too much motion blur in a photo (or freezing motion that you want to be blurred). I cover more of this in an article on camera modes, but I tend to shoot in “Aperture Priority” mode 95% of the time, letting the camera calculate the shutter speed automatically.

How to Find Shutter Speed

Do you know how to find what your camera shutter speed is set to? It is typically very easy to find it. On cameras that have a top panel, the shutter speed is typically located on the top left corner, as circled:

Shutter speed displayed on top camera LCD

If your camera does not have a top LCD, like some entry-level DSLRs, you can look through the viewfinder, where you will see the shutter speed on the bottom-left side. And if your camera has neither a top LCD nor a viewfinder, like many mirrorless cameras, you can see your shutter speed simply by looking on the back screen.

On most cameras, the shutter speed will not show up directly as a fraction of a second – it will typically be a regular number. When the shutter speed is longer than or equal to one second, you will see something like 1” or 5” (with the quotation sign to indicate a full second).

If you still cannot find the shutter speed, set your camera to “Aperture Priority” mode, and make sure that you have turned “AUTO ISO” off. Then, start pointing around your camera from dark to bright areas. The number that changes will be your shutter speed.

Below are some other related posts you might enjoy:

Seven Tips to Pick the Perfect Shutter Speed
Guide to Motion Blur and Panning in Photography
What is Exposure?
What is Shutter Shock?
How to Take Sharp Photos

We also made a video explaining shutter speed if that’s how you prefer to learn things:

Shutter Speed FAQ

Below are some of the frequently asked questions related to shutter speed:

What is a Slow Shutter Speed?

A long shutter speed is typically around 1 second and longer. In comparison, a slow shutter speed can refer to a fraction of a second, such as 1/2 or 1/4.

What is a Fast Shutter Speed?

A fast shutter speed is often referred to as the shutter speed that is fast enough to freeze action. Typically, photographers refer to small fractions of a second, such as 1/250th of a second or faster when talking about fast shutter speed.

How Do I Find My Shutter Speed?

Shutter speed is often displayed on your camera’s top or rear LCD as a number or fraction. If you half-press the shutter release, then move your camera towards a brighter area, the number that changes is typically your shutter speed.

Which Shutter Speed is the Slowest?

Depending on your camera, the slowest shutter speed that is allowed to use without using a remote shutter release is typically 30 seconds.

What is the Fastest Shutter Speed I can Use on My Camera?

That depends on the camera’s capabilities. Most DSLR and mirrorless cameras can shoot as fast as 1/4000 of a second using the mechanical shutter. Some of the more advanced cameras can shoot as fast as 1/8000 of a second with mechanical shutters, and even faster when using electronic shutters.

How is Shutter Speed Written?

Shutter speed is always written in seconds or a fraction of a second. For example, a 1-second shutter speed is typically displayed as a single number with a quote sign or a letter “s” at the end of it, such as 1″ or 1s. Whereas a fraction of a second such as 1/250 is typically displayed as 1/250 or simply 250 on most cameras.

What is the Best Shutter Speed?

There is no such thing, as it really depends on what you are trying to achieve.

How Do I Change Shutter Speed on My Phone?

While some smartphones allow changing shutter speed using the built-in phone app, most require installing a third-party camera app to allow changing the shutter speed. If you use an iPhone, try out some apps like Camera+.

And if you want to continue learning from our Photography Basics Guide, below is our Table of Contents. The next chapter in the guide covers everything you need to know about aperture.

Take me to Chapter 4: Aperture

Camera shutter modes. Mechanical, with electronic front curtain, silent. When to use which?

What is a camera shutter?

The word "click" is often used in the sense of "take a photo". But what exactly clicks in the camera? One of the integral parts is a mechanical shutter.

Nikon D750 shutter module

The shutter is required for precise exposure (shooting time). Proper exposure requires extreme precision. The shutters are different: the central ones are located in the lens, and the focal ones are installed directly in front of the matrix, in the focal plane. The latter are used in modern SLR and mirrorless cameras. Film cameras often used shutters with fabric shutters. This has long been in the past, but the word "curtain" has remained in everyday life. Now the shutters consist of several dampers-lamellae.

Shutter operation on Nikon Z 7. Continuous shooting in Cl mode, 3 fps, electronic front curtain shutter.

How does a camera shutter work? The principle is simple: at the beginning of shooting, the front curtain (lamella shutter) opens, and the light enters the matrix. After the exposure time has elapsed, the second curtain closes the matrix and finishes shooting. This is one operation cycle. Of course, the description is simplified, and the shutter works a little differently at shutter speeds faster than sync speed (and this is important for studio shooting), but the principle itself is exactly that.

NIKON D850 / 18-35 mm f/3.5-4.5 SETTINGS: ISO 64, F11, 90 sec, 27.0 mm equiv.

Camera "mileage" and guaranteed shutter life

Like any mechanical part, the camera shutter wears out over time. To characterize the reliability of a shutter, the manufacturer tests it and calculates the guaranteed life of the shutter. For professional cameras, it ranges from 150 to 500 thousand cycles. This does not mean that in the future your camera will become unusable, sometimes the shutters “run” much longer. Rather, the manufacturer needs the indicator to characterize the reliability class of the shutter model. By analogy with the mileage of a car, buyers often look at the mileage of a camera when buying used photographic equipment.

NIKON Z 7 / NIKKOR Z 24-70mm f/2.8 S SETTINGS: ISO 31, F10, 15s, 24.0mm equiv.

Please note that we are not talking about the number of photos taken, but the number of shutter releases. In modern digital technology, these are different quantities. For example, on mirrors in Live View mode, when shooting one frame, the shutter will have to go through three cycles: open the shutter to activate Live View, close the shutter to start the exposure, open the shutter to take pictures, close to end the exposure, open to activate Live View, close to exit Live View. At the same time, on a mirrorless camera, when working with an electronic shutter, there are zero cycles per frame, because the mechanics are not involved here. In this article, you will find out why this happens.

EXIF opened with Jeffrey's Image Metadata Viewer. Nikon cameras have a separate item that characterizes the number of mechanical shutter cycles.

A separate item in EXIF displays how many frames were taken on the camera. In our case, the number of frames taken exceeded the number of shutter cycles. This suggests that the camera shot a lot with an electronic (silent) shutter.

Note that even in EXIF, modern Nikon devices separately record the number of shutter cycles and the number of shots taken. If the first digit is greater than the second, we can conclude that the camera was used in mechanical shutter mode. Otherwise, the shooting was carried out in the electronic shutter mode. To see all the information in EXIF, you need to look at the raw file.

Camera shutter modes

Mechanical shutter. This is the traditional shutter mode. To date, it has no practical limitations, except for the minimum shutter speed (in modern cameras it is 1/4000 or even 1/8000 s). The mode allows you to work with flashes, does not give noticeable distortion and is suitable for shooting with pulsating light (for example, LED, energy-saving lamps).

Shooting starts the moment the shutters are closed. At the start of the exposure, the front curtain opens and light enters the matrix. When the exposure time elapses, the second shutter curtain closes the sensor. The frame is made.

We have described the classic version of the mechanical shutter on a SLR camera. When looking through the optical viewfinder, the shutter is continuously (excluding the time of shooting) in the closed state.

Mechanical shutter on mirrorless cameras. On mirrorless cameras and on SLR cameras in Live View mode, the process of shooting with a mechanical shutter is somewhat different. To view the image through Live View, the shutter must be open before and after shooting. Until you press the shutter button, the shutter is locked open, the image from the matrix is transmitted to the screen and electronic viewfinder. When the shutter button is pressed, the shutter first closes to null the signal from the sensor. Now the front curtain opens and the exposure takes place. To finish it, the second curtain closes. The survey is over, but the shutter must be returned to the open position in order to continue zooming in Live View. An additional step is opening the curtains.

Note that it takes two shutter cycles to take one picture. It turns out that on mirrorless devices in this mode, shutter wear doubles. Therefore, Nikon Z mirrorless mode is not used by default, the camera prefers the shutter release with an electronic front curtain.

Mechanical shutter operation on the Nikon Z 7 camera, slowed down by 5 times. You can see how the curtain closes first, and then opens. Total two cycles of operation for one press of the shutter button.

Electronic First Curtain Shutter (EFCS)

Modern cameras can start shooting with the shutter open. How it works? When the shutter button is pressed, the camera starts exposure using the electronic front shutter. The mechanics are not activated, the matrix is reset by itself. After the shutter speed has elapsed, the rear mechanical shutter comes into play: it finishes shooting and closes the shutter. The shutter then opens again to receive the Live View image. Here, one frame equals one shutter cycle.

Shutter operation with electronic front curtain. It can be seen that at the moment the shutter button is pressed, the mechanical parts are stationary, the shutter does not lower. The mechanical rear curtain is activated only at the end of shooting.

On Nikon SLR cameras, this shutter mode is also found. On Nikon D7500, Nikon D500, Nikon D810 it is available in mirror up mode. And in the Nikon D850, the electronic front-curtain shutter can also work in Q and Qc quiet shooting modes.

Activating the electronic front shutter shutter in the Nikon D850 SLR menu

In addition to reducing wear on the mechanical parts of the shutter, EFCS eliminates microblur - a slight drop in image sharpness at shutter speeds of the order of ½ - 1/100 s due to vibration of the internal parts of the camera, mainly due to the operation of the mechanical front curtain.

The mode has one limitation: EFCS sometimes gives various artifacts at very short shutter speeds. For example, by the beginning of the exposure on older lenses, the aperture may not have time to close. Therefore, shutter speeds up to 1/2000 s are available in Nikon cameras in this mode. If automatic shutter mode is selected, selecting a faster shutter speed will activate the mechanical shutter.

Choice of shutter modes in Nikon Z 7. Mechanical shutter, electronic front curtain shutter.

Mirrorless Nikon Z 6, Nikon Z 7 and the new Nikon Z 50 have all the described shutter modes. In the "Shutter Type" menu, you can select the "Auto" option, then the camera itself will determine which type of shutter to use. Mechanical is activated when working at shutter speeds shorter than 1/2000 s, the rest of the time the shutter with an electronic front curtain will be used.

Nikon Z 50 camera display: Shutter mode is displayed in addition to other shooting information. The icon with the letter A indicates that the auto mode is selected.

Electronic (silent) shutter . But you can go even further and replace not one, but both curtains with electronics. In this case, the mechanical elements of the shutter are not involved at all, the shooting is absolutely silent. And there are no vibrations, which means that the risk of microlubrication is excluded.

But there are limitations. Firstly, the signal from modern matrices is read line by line, and when shooting motion, objects in the frame can be deformed. It's called RollingShutter or the jelly effect. On different cameras, this drawback is expressed to varying degrees.

Jelly effect: the camera moved during the shooting, the frame was deformed.

The jelly effect makes such subjects as sports, dynamic reportage inaccessible for shooting with an electronic shutter, and shooting from the window of a moving car is also unlikely to work.

Also, when using the electronic shutter, pulsating light sources (LEDs and fluorescent lamps) will have an unpleasant effect in the form of stripes throughout the frame. You can get rid of it if you lengthen the shutter speed.

Lighting with household fluorescent lamp. When using the electronic shutter and a fast shutter speed, horizontal stripes are produced.

Shot with the same exposure settings, but using an electronic front shutter. There are no stripes.

Electronic shutter. Long exposure used. There are no stripes.

And with an electronic shutter, neither studio nor on-camera flashes can be used. But in other situations it is very convenient. Landscape, interior, architectural, staged portrait and subject photography with natural light, and even unhurried reporting - all this is up to him. The mode is ideal when we do not want to draw attention to ourselves with camera clicks.

Selecting silent shooting with an electronic shutter in the quick menu on the camera Nikon Z 7

Choosing silent shooting with an electronic shutter in the main menu of the camera Nikon Z 7

A separate plus of this mode is that it does not wear out the mechanical parts of the shutter at all, since not involved in work.

Silent electronic shutter for Nikon D500, Nikon D850, Nikon D5, Nikon Z6, Nikon Z7 and Nikon Z 50 cameras.

NIKON Z 7 / NIKKOR Z 50mm f/1.8 S 60 s, 50.0 mm equiv.

We got acquainted with the three shutter options that are present in all modern cameras. Now you know their pros and cons and can effectively use each of them in your work.

Camera shutter speed and its effects

Good day dear readers!

In photography, there are a few key concepts that a photographer needs to know. Today we are going to talk about one of them, which is the shutter speed.

Contents

1 What is the shutter speed of a camera?
2 What is shutter speed
3 Shutter speed range
4 Long and short shutter speeds
5 How to control camera shutter speed
6 Shutter effects
The shutter speed of a camera is the period of time during which light enters the photosensitive element of the camera (matrix or film).

The time delay is given to the photographic shutter. Which in turn determines the duration of exposure to light on the photosensitive element.

The longer the shutter speed, the longer the shutter stays open and, accordingly, the light illuminates the matrix longer.

What is exposure measured in

Exposure is a period of time, the unit of measurement is considered to be seconds, minutes, hours and even days. In most cases, not even a second is used, but its part of a fraction of a second. The designation, for shutter speeds less than 1 second, is most often indicated through a fractional line: ¼; 1/60; 1/250; 1/500; 1/4000. If the value is greater than 1 second, the number of seconds is written: 1; 2; eight; fifteen; 30.

Shutter speed range
- professional SLR cameras use ranges from 30 s. up to 1/8000 s.
- in amateur SLR cameras use a range of 30 s. up to 1/4000 s.
There are also extra fast shutter speeds of 1/16000 s. and 1/32000 s., they are implemented only on some professional devices.

You can use a shutter speed slower than the available 30 s in mode B - "Bulb" (manual mode).

This function allows you to keep the shutter open for the required amount of time after the first release. Shutdown occurs by pressing the trigger again.

Unfortunately, this mode is not available on all cameras.

Slow and fast shutter speeds

Photography uses the expressions long and fast shutter speeds.
- a short shutter speed is considered to be a range from 1/60 s. up to 1/8000 s.
shutter speed 1/1000 second
- long is in the aisles from 0.5 s. up to 30 s.
exposure 4 seconds

This division is arbitrary, since there is no clear dividing line between the limits.

How to control camera shutter speed

Shutter speed is controlled in two basic modes:
- Shutter priority mode. It is selected by the mode wheel and is indicated by the letters Tv or S , depending on the manufacturer of the device.
- Manual mode. It is selected by the mode wheel and is indicated by the letter M .
Exposure Effects

Let's see how exposure affects photography.

In the photo below, you can see the dependence of the result obtained, on the time in which the shutter is in the open position.

At a short shutter speed, moving elements are “frozen”, at a long shutter speed they are “blurred”.

Fast shutter speeds are suitable for shooting moving subjects. When you need to "freeze" the movement. To obtain the desired result, one of the important conditions is good lighting. Accordingly, you will have to open the aperture wider, or increase the ISO. Shooting, in most cases, can be done handheld without a tripod.

Slow shutter speed is used in low light or artistic shooting. When it is necessary to blur a moving object, such as light or stars. Also, long exposure can be used in wiring. In this case, the moving subject will be in focus and the background will be blurred. This creates the effect of speed. For long exposures, the camera must be mounted on a tripod.

Conclusion

Exposure is one of the three key elements of a good photograph. When working in this mode, you should always keep in mind such important elements as aperture and ISO. Regular practice will help you find the right balance between key elements.

I hope the article was useful and brought you closer to understanding what shutter speed is and what effects you can achieve with it.

See you soon friends!

Yours sincerely Author of vzest.ru blog Vladimir Zakharov!

See also:
- ISO in the camera, 6 steps to understanding
- Lens Aperture: 6 Steps to Understanding
- How to blur the background
- Depth of field or depth of field in photography.
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