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Make something awesome

How to Light Your Photos and Videos Like an Expert

Stinson Carter

Gear

Jul 14, 2022 9:00 AM

Nothing will improve your craft more than an understanding of lighting and the ability to control and create it artificially.

Photograph: Tim Robberts/Getty Images

Whether you’re an enthusiast looking to sharpen your creative tools or a professional expanding your skills to get more gigs, off-camera lighting—that is, flashes or continuous lights not mounted on your camera—can be as daunting to master as a musical instrument or a language. Even for professionals, it’s a lifelong process. But with basic concepts and a few inexpensive tools, it can be surprisingly simple to begin.

For specific product recommendations, see our companion photo and video light-buying guide.

Writing With Light

The first step is the recognition that lighting is at the core of this art form. “Photo-graphy literally means writing with light,” says photographer and lighting instructor David Hobby, who spent 15 years creating the online lighting education resource Strobist to help photographers around the world. “Learning how to create your own light is a critical foundational skill to becoming a capable and versatile photographer,” Hobby says. He adds that lighting allows you to solve technical problems, create an entirely new environment for your subject, and make your camera interpret a scene exactly the way your eye sees it. “Lighting is probably your most effective tool to shift the thought patterns of your viewer,” he says.

But it’s a journey more than a destination. “I am still learning about light, still trying new techniques, and still experimenting,” says Art Streiber, an iconic Los Angeles-based photographer whose portraits and editorial work reflect an astounding fluency with lighting. Streiber says you don’t need to apprentice as a photo assistant or even go to photography school. “But you have to be open-minded, and in constant pursuit of knowledge and experience,” he says. “I’m not done learning, and I don’t think any of us in the creative arts are, or should be.”

The yellow background plays with dense shadows and integrates a red shadow, with the colder blue light in the shadow area of the jacket.

Photograph: Karl Taylor

Our emotional responses to lighting are based on our lifelong relationship with sunlight. “We are working with emotion that is hard-wired,” says Karl Taylor, a UK-based photographer and photography educator and the founder of Karl Taylor Education, a global online photography platform. A low angle of light paired with a color and intensity reminiscent of a sunset triggers one emotion, while light suggesting a sunrise evokes another—be it nostalgia, melancholy, or hope. Shadows can create a sense of mystery and be ominous or inviting. Taylor uses the example of a child putting a flashlight under her chin: Because light is coming from a different direction than our brains are used to it seems uncanny.

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We feel this stuff on a deep level already, so the key is recognizing the connection between our ingrained human understanding of light and our emotional responses to it. “Photography is an art form, but most of our response to it is based on science,” says Taylor, who teaches that photography is about “using the scientific part to enhance the emotional part” of photography.

Using Light to Compose

Starting out, most photographers compose their shots based on the subject in the frame, but it turns out that the lighting composition is what engages the viewer most, on a scientific level. According to Taylor, when we look at an image, we are drawn first to the highest contrast and the brightest point in an image; then the different luminosity values guide the eye around the image, as if our eyes are being steered by the light. “Composition is far less important than the composition you create with light,” Taylor says.

Former Disney CEO Bob Iger. Three light sources: ambient; a hard source outside; and one soft source, hidden at camera right.

Photograph: Art Streiber

While composing his shots, Streiber always asks himself “How can I best get the reader’s attention and keep them on the page?” He acknowledges that the term “page” may sound like an anachronism, but he says viewer engagement directly translates from paper to the algorithms of digital platforms. “You [keep them on the page] by giving the viewer primary, secondary, and tertiary reads on the photo,” says Streiber, whose goal is always to make a viewer stop on his image, and then to keep their eyes moving through the frame by creating multiple layers within it for them to explore. “That nuance is the thing that gets under your skin and is compelling,” he says.

Skill Transcends Gear

It’s easy to go down a rabbit hole of obsessing over camera gear, comparing the specs of the latest camera bodies or drooling over pricey lenses. But Taylor points out that this kind of obsession generally misses what makes an image interesting. Lighting, he says, is the aspect of photography most misunderstood by those obsessed with gear. “They become gadget freaks, and they start to appreciate the art of composition, but they don’t understand the composition you create with light,” Taylor says. Quality gear is certainly important, but perhaps it’s just easier to obsess over frames per second and aperture sizes than to learn a totally new skill. “Photography is not about gear in the same way that writing isn’t about a keyboard,” he says.

Cast of The Happiest Season. Two light sources: ambient daylight and one large soft source at camera right.

Photograph: Art Streiber

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Another big reason to begin your lighting education is that it can help you get more and bigger jobs. “People who want to get into filmmaking have to be multifaceted,” says commercial filmmaker Austen Paul. “Understanding lighting in product filmmaking will open up so many job possibilities—interviews, product filmmaking, commercials, and short films,” he says.

Study the World

The first practical step is to start paying attention to the different types of light you see in your daily life. Hobby recommends training yourself to consciously observe the world around you. “What direction is the light coming from? Is it hard light? Soft light? What color is it? Are there multiple light sources? How are they interacting?”

Hobby also recommends paying attention to the kinds of light that make you stop and take in a scene, “And then in each of those circumstances, the immediate follow-up question: How could you create that kind of light?” he says. By making these observations and asking these questions, you begin a path as “a photographer who can intuitively conjure up any type of environment and emotional feel you want for your images.” It is this process that will help you discover what kinds of lighting speak to you and form your own lighting style.

“It’s up to every individual photographer to find his or her own aesthetic for light,” says Streiber. But to do that, you need to understand the basics. Streiber compares the basics of lighting to those of music or cooking: “You can bang on the piano, but do you know scales? Do you know how to chop? Do you know how to sauté?” Whether he is using a constant light source or a strobe (aka flash), Streiber always begins by looking at three things: the quality of the light, the position of the light, and the intensity of the light. “I start with quality first, then I deal with position, then I dial [the intensity] in,” he says. “I’m on-site three to four hours ahead of my talent. I’m testing the light, I’m nailing it down, and I have an hour or less with my subject, and that’s normal with us.”

The quality of the light relates to the color of the light and how soft or hard the light is.

It’s the second light that lifts the shadows. This makes the photo feel more lush, realistic, and (ironically) less “lit.”

Photograph: David Hobby

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To explain soft versus hard light, Taylor uses the example of sunlight on a bright day (hard) and sunlight on a cloudy day (soft). On a bright day, light is coming from one small source—the sun—and therefore it creates a hard shadow. On a cloudy day, the light is coming from every direction because it is diffused by the clouds, so there’s little to no shadow. In the world of photography and videography, hard light is what comes from a small source, such as a bare flash, whereas soft light is what you’d get if you put a large diffuser (or a softbox) in front of the flash.

The position of the light can change the photo in many ways, whether it’s creating a silhouette, separating a subject from a background, or even lighting the background itself. To illustrate the way a light’s position can affect the impression of an image, Streiber uses the example of an on-camera flash, which immediately evokes the sense of a caught moment at an event, or a paparazzi shot. If that flash were moved off-camera, maybe held in your hand at the end of your outstretched arm, the same shot creates a totally different impression.

The intensity of the light relates to how bright the light is, which translates in the images to whether you want to create a natural look or make the scene appear deliberately lit. Hobby applies the cooking metaphor to dialing in the intensity of light: “You taste the soup. You think, ‘It needs a little more salt.’ You add some salt. The only real difference is that with lighting, if you add too much salt you can easily take it right back out. ”

This example from Karl Taylor demonstrates the use of shadows and color to create emotion. “Is that light coming through a gap in the curtains?" he asks. "What is it that enhances the atmosphere? Is it the combination of warm gold light through the gap and blue shadows that provides the melancholy feeling? Is it that just enough detail is visible in the shadows?”

Photograph: Karl Taylor

Taylor says that most of our visual systems are not based on color, but on brightness and shade. “We’re seeing in black and white without realizing it.” Taylor uses the example of flecks on a deer or the stripes on a tiger, which don’t seem very stealthy when viewed in color, but in terms of luminosity to other animals who see in black and white, it’s brilliant camouflage. Taylor cautions that color can trick the eye into thinking that an image is brighter than it actually is, so he often edits the luminosity of an image in black and white first, and then edits for color, so the color doesn’t trick his eye into a false sense of brightness.

Build a Lighting Setup

The lighting spice rack can get cluttered quickly, so the pros build their lighting one step at a time. “The first light source is what’s known as your ‘key light,’” says Paul. After you establish where you want to put your first light, you put the “fill light” on the opposite side. For most setups, the fill light is not as bright as the key light. Paul says this makes the subject look more three-dimensional, and with a fill light slightly darker than your key light, you create a gradient from lighter to darker.

Just by adding a fill light, you can easily create photos that are both more evocative and more three-dimensional.

Photograph: David Hobby

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Hobby explains that with the combination of these two lights, you can adjust the “legibility” of the shadows in an image however you want. “This is what we mean when we say you can make your camera see a scene more like the way your eye sees it,” says Hobby.

After placing your key light and fill light, you can add yet more dimension with a third light. “Your third light can be a backlight for a product, it can reveal your background, or it can just separate your subject from the background,” says Paul. A light that separates your subject from the background is called a “hair light” or “rim light” because it creates a rim of light around the subject’s hair or their entire body that makes them stand out. “Three lights is where it really gets interesting,” says Taylor.

Dial in Mood and Emotion

As much as the quality, position, and intensity of light contribute to the technical balance and visual impact of your shot, those three elements combine to provide a fourth, less tangible component: emotion. “In the studio, we control the light going into the shadows very carefully as part of the inducement of the mood,” says Taylor. “We might put a bit of blue light into the shadows, we might put a bit of red light into the shadows, we might put a bit of neutral light into the shadows. Or we’ll try to suck light out of the shadows with what we call negative fill so that we actually make the shadows darker on purpose.” Deepening the shadows gives the image a more dramatic and mysterious character.

The low-grazing shadows of the pasta shot invoke early morning or evening, due to the color of the light and angle of the shadows. Introducing a melancholy feeling to the image through the density of the shadows gives the shot an abstract quality that borders on ominous, in conjunction with the very graphic placement of these rather mundane food products.

Photograph: Karl Taylor

The elements for creating a desired emotional effect are rooted in science and physics, but it ultimately comes down to the personal taste of the creator. Taylor shoots with his camera tethered to a 4K monitor. The detail this affords immediately lets him know if he’s getting the right mood and emotion. “I don’t make lighting decisions based on measurements, I make them based on an emotional response,” he says. “And only by looking at a preview image can I tell if the emotional response is correct.”

If you don’t have the ability to tether your camera to a monitor, try simply reviewing the images on your camera’s display while you dial in your lighting. Or better yet, sync your camera via Wi-Fi with your smartphone so you can review test shots on a slightly bigger screen and more easily pass them around for a second opinion. Think of this as the spoon you use to taste the sauce and decide if it needs more (or less) salt.

“You’re the creator. Art is subjective. And if you like it, that’s the most important thing,” says Paul.

For specific product recommendations, see our companion photo and video light buying guide.

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Top places for photo shoots in Irkutsk

Beautiful photos rule the world. I didn’t bring pictures in wonderful interiors and landscapes - consider that I wasn’t on vacation either. We advise where you can organize a cool photo session in Irkutsk.

Atmospheric place "Sphere"

Address: st. Sverdlova, 36

Sphere is an individual domed gazebo for companies up to eight people. The gazebos are equipped with electric fireplaces to maintain a comfortable temperature. Inside there are comfortable soft chairs, sofas, large tables, sockets and Bluetooth audio systems. nine0003 sfera_irkutsk / Instagram

They only pay rent here. You can either bring food and drinks with you or order additionally here.

sfera_irkutsk / Instagram

In the evening, each dome is illuminated, creating an indescribable atmosphere. And on the roof, where the domes are located, decorative street lamps light up. In general, the perfect place for a photo!

Bookshop and cafe "Prostranstvo"

Address: st. Uritskogo, 16

There are at least two bookstores with cafes in the city - these are Prostranstvo and Nora. But the first is distinguished by shelves with books in the ceiling. There are quick photo shoots in cinematic style - the interiors are like libraries in educational campuses in England or the USA, which regularly flash into the movies. nine0003 prostranstvo.irk / Instagram

They also have a very atmospheric sign that lights up in the evening.

prostranstvo.irk / Instagram

Irkutsk Botanical Garden

Address: st. Koltsova, 93

Both in summer and even in winter, when there is snow on the street, you can take wonderful photos saturated with greenery in the Irkutsk Botanical Garden. It offers a tropical greenhouse with specially equipped areas for filming. A tropical bungalow, a waterfall, a pond with flowering aquatic plants will diversify your social media feed. In the warm season, wedding and fashion photo sessions can be held in the arboretum. nine0003 vi_krylova / Instagram

Dorenberg Art Factory

Address: st. Barrikad, 51

Art-factory "Dorenberg" became famous for its external design. This is a creative business community of Irkutsk and a street art museum. To visit Irkutsk and not take a picture in Dorenberg is already a bad form.

dorenberg.ru / Instagram

Courtyard of the House of Europe

Address: st. Friedrich Engels, 21

House of Europe is a unique historical and architectural complex. The main building of the complex, directly the House of Europe, is the former house-estate of the merchant Shastin. Visiting card of Irkutsk. It is famous for carved facade decorations, roofs with turrets and figured columns. They call it the “Lace House”. nine0003 katerinaw80 / Instagram

It is also a favorite place for wedding photo shoots - nearby is the Wedding Palace of Irkutsk.

Molecula bar

Address: Yadrintseva 1/9

The Molecula bar was created especially taking into account the fact that photo shoots will be held there. It looks like one continuous photo zone. In expensive interiors, all shades of trendy blue were collected. There are three halls, one of which is a VIP room, which is ideal for events for 15-20 people. nine0003 molecula.bar / Instagram

At the same time, the bar does not have its own kitchen. Food is ordered from another chain restaurant - O2.

molecula.bar / Instagram

Camping photo sessions in the sports park "Polyana"

Address: st. Starokuzmikhinskaya, 37/3

A large photo zone is being set up on the territory of the Polyana sports park. Here are cozy trailers, benches and retro cars. Lots of cozy and warm details. Without further ado - see for yourself!

eventlocation.38 / Instagrameventlocation.38 / Instagram

Bath complex "Copper Mountain"

Address: st. Karpinskaya, 95B. Plishkinsky trakt

Go to take a steam bath and organize a photo shoot at the same time? Terrifying images of steamed faces appear in my head. But in the Irkutsk bathhouse "Copper Mountain" this stereotype was destroyed.

banya_mednaya_gora / Instagram

The font of the complex is located near a picturesque rock and forest. And the complex itself looks very nice.

07/30/2021

Age limit: 0+. nine0003

How much fuel is left in the gas tank when the refueling icon comes on? | Eternal questions | Question-Answer

08/27/2017 01:31

Elena Slobodyan

Estimated reading time: 2 minutes

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Category: Auto Maintenance

Photo: Shutterstock.com

Remaining in the tank when the fuel level light comes on, approximately 8-14 liters or 5-10% of the tank capacity. With this amount of fuel, passenger cars can still travel about 50-60 kilometers, while SUVs and crossovers, which usually have an increased volume of fuel tanks, can drive about another 150 kilometers with a fuel light on. nine0003

“As a rule, gasoline remains for 50-70 kilometers. It all depends on the car model. Now is not the stone age, most cars are equipped with an on-board computer. The driver does not need to count anything. Everything is quite simple - look at the screen and find out how much is left to go to the gas station, taking into account fuel consumption at the moment, ”says auto expert Vitaly Arkhireev .

Why not just fill up your car with improved fuel occasionally?

Whatever the case, it's best to fill up your car at the nearest gas station, especially if you're in an unfamiliar area and don't know when you'll meet the next gas station. nine0003

Is it dangerous to drive with a low fuel level in the tank?

“It is dangerous to drive with a low level of gasoline in the tank. I personally got into a situation where, because of being busy, you try to postpone refueling, and then you get stuck in a traffic jam and eventually stall. The danger of such a ride can also be considered from a technical point of view, since condensate collects during the thaw in winter, and then settles on the fine filter and on the gas lines. This makes it difficult to start the car,” says Arkhireev.

In addition to the risk of stalling, driving with a low level of fuel in the tank can lead to a breakdown of the catalyst in the exhaust system, and, according to the site https://www.1gai.ru, can damage the fuel pump. The fact is that sediment in the tank can enter the fuel system through the fuel pump. With a normal fuel level, this risk of contamination of the fuel system is minimal. nine0003